Motion picture camera with a fade-over device

ABSTRACT

A motion picture camera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a device for measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out film section and a subsequent fading-over film section, and motor means for driving the camera, which comprises a fade-over device having a selector disc adapted to be moved into a plurality of fade-over phases, the fade-over device, depending on the position of the selector disc being adapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanical functions necessary for the respective preselected fade-over phase.

United States Patent Roth 1451 Sept. 12, 1972 [54] MOTION PICTURE CAMERAWITH A FADE-OVER DEVICE [72] Inventor: Johann Roth, Schwabhausen,Germany [73] Assignee: Niezoldi & Kramer, GmbH, Munich- Allach, Germany22 Filed: June 30, 1970 211 Appl.No.:51,-074

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data July 2, 1969 Germany ..P 19 33579.6

521 u.s.c| ..3s2/91,352/217 51 Int. Cl. .eosn 21/36 [58] FieldofSearch.,..352/91,217

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,494,691 2/1970 Katsuyama..352/91 X 3,549,249 12/1970 Katsuyama ..352/91 x 3,514,197 5/1970 Sho..352/91 2,566,770 6/1951 Moore ..352/91 Primary Examiner-S. ClementSwisher Attorney-Ernest F. Mannorek [57] ABSTRACT A motion picturecamera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a device for measuring off thesame length of film for a fading-outfilm section and a subsequentfading-over film section, and motor means for driving the camera, whichcomprises a fade-over device having a selector disc adapted to be movedinto a plurality of fade-over phases, the fade-over device, depending onthe position of the selector disc being adapted to initiate, carry out,and complete all electric and mechanical functions necessary for therespective preselected fade-over phase.

9 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures Normal PATENTEDSEP 12 m2 SHEET 3 BF 3 r v 1MOTION PICTURE CAMERA WITH A FADE-OVER DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THEINVENTION The present invention relates to a motion picture camera withawinding spool which is preferably arrested against reverse movement andwith a device for measuring off" the same length for the film sectionsprovided for the fadeout and the subsequent fade-. overfin combinationwith an electro-motor camera drive. I

The heretofore known fade-over devices of this type, for a completefade-over of two'film scenes require, in addition to the actuation ofthe release of the camera, actuation of further switching and couplingmembers which are different'from each other and take care of thefade-o'ver phases for reversing the direction of movement of the cameradrive mechanism and for its drive connection in proper time and functionwith the film switching and film transporting members of the camera.

, These manipulations require very high concentration of the user of thecamera, which cannot be expected for instance from an amateur who wouldlike to film in an unincumbered manner as far as possible.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a motionpicture camera of the abovedescribed general type which will overcomethe abovementioned disadvantages.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a motionpicture camera of the above-outlined type which permits a simpleandeasily recognizable manipulation of the adjusting'members of thecamera for the complete fade-over of two film scenes as well as for thefading-in or fading-out of a film scene.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The problems underlying the presentinvention have been solved in the motion picture camera according to thepresent invention, by a fade-over device associated with'the camera andcomprising a selector disc as control member, said fade-over deviceinitiating, carrying out, and completing all electrical and mechanicalfunctions which guarantee the execution of the pre-selected For thephase-proper course of the fade-out or fadein sequence as well as thereverse film transport with closed shutter, a control disc and a switchdisc are provided whichcan be connected in the proper phase with themotor drive of the camera via a coupling actuated by the selector disc,and which on one head set in motion an adjusting member effecting thefading-in or fadfade-over phase, depending on the position oftheselector disc preparing the respective fade-over phase.

With a thus designed camera the desired fade-over phase can bepreselected so that the complete fadeover of two film scenes, or thefading-in and fading-out of a film scene, may be carried out. The termfade-over phase is meant to include the fading-out of a film scene, thereverse transport of the pre-spooled film section for the fade-out whilethe shutter is closed, or the fading-in of a new film scene, ifnecessary while using. the film section exposed with the faded-out filmscene.

For purposes of guaranteeing the functionally proper start and course ofthe respective preselected fade-over phase, the selector disc isprovided with control curves for-the initiation of the automaticfading-out and fading-in in the proper phase, for arresting of the filmwinding in the proper phase, and for the fixing of the shutter ordiaphragm closing position during the reverse movement of the film, aswell as at least one contact cam for switching over the electromotorcamera drive to the respective fade-over phase.

ing-out respectively, and on the other'hand maintain the respectiverequired drive'current circuits of the camera closed during the entirecourse of the respective phase upon closing of the circuits at thebeginning of the pre-selected fade-over phase.

cally connected to the selector disc in such a way that it tends tobring the selector disc into a position preparing the fading-out eventupon being adjusted for fadingout. The selector disc itself firstremains in the starting position guaranteeing the normal run of thefilm,'by arresting means associated therewith, and is released only byactuation of a manual release during the filming of the respective sceneso that it is transferred to its fading-out position in an abrupt mannerby the elastic member tensioned by the manual control.

The end of the fading-in phase can be made known to the user of thecamera by the phase-proper opening of the drive circuit of the camera.This however, is disadvantageous in as much as the faded-in film sceneis abruptly interrupted by the de-activation of the camera drive.Therefore, it is advantageous to associate switching means with thefade-over device which upon fading-in of a possibly previously faded-outfilm scene keeps the drive circuit of the camera closed until therelease is actuated. In this way, also a sliding transition of thefade-in phase into the film scene begun by the fading-in is assured.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The invention is illustrated by way ofexample in the attached drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a fade-over device for a camera, inaccordance with the present invention, showing the various switching andcontrol members in functional cooperation;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the control and actuating members of the devicefor the motor-driven adjustment of the shutter or diaphragm of thecamera;

FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate the closing and opening curve of the controldisc effecting the motor-driven adjustment of the shutter, taken alongthe sections A-B and C-D respectively in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a development of the curved groove of the circumference ofthe selector disc of the camera, said groove selectively interconnectingthe adjusting member of the shutter with the closing or opening curve ofthemotor-driven control disc;

FIG. 5 shows the drive circuits and the switches of the device ofopening and closing said drive circuits in the proper phase.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT picture cameraillustrated therein comprises a selector disc 1 by means of which eachsingle fade-over phase necessary for a complete fade-over can beselected. Selector disc 1 which is rotatable about a fixed axis 2 in thehousing of the camera, performs various control functions. Thus, acurved groove 1.1 (see FIG. 2) on the circumferenceof the selector disc1 cooperates with a shutter or diaphragm adjusting member 4, designed asa slide. Adjusting member 4 has a tracer pin 4.1 which by the selectordisc from an idling position is brought into engagement with a closingcurve 5.1 or an opening curve 5.2 of a motor-driven control disc 5,which is brought about by a non-positive abutment of the tracer pin 4.1against the circumference of the respective curve 5.1 or 5.2.

Control disc 5 consists of a pair of disc 5.4 and 5.5 which are locatedon a common shaft 5.3 fixedly journailed in the housing of the cameraand from the sides of which which face each other the radially effectivecurves 5.1 and 5.2 axially project. The circumference of disc 5.5 isprovided with teeth which are in meshing engagement with a worm 6. Thisworm is as a member driving the control disc 5 freely rotatably mountedon a drive shaft 7 of the camera. Shaft 7 is rotated via a reductiongear train indicated by the reference numeral 8 (for instance a beltdrive) by a shaft 9.1 of an electromotor 9 which drives the filmswitching mechanism as well as the film transport mechanism includingthe winding spool. A worm 10 sitting on this shaft is drivinglyconnected with a gear 12 via a worm wheel 11, which gear through theintervention of a frictional connection (not shown) drives a follower 13which is adapted to be coupled with the hub of the film winding spool(not shown). It may be assumed that the film winding spool is supportedas part of a portion of a film pack in the latter so as to be arrestedagainst reverse movement of the spool. This requires for the advancemovement of the film section intended for the fade-over phase anarresting of the follower 13 during this fade-over phase. For thispurpose between the follower 13 and the above-mentioned frictionalconnection preceding the same, a locking or arresting wheel 14 isprovided which cooperates with a spring loaded arresting slide 15.1during the fade-out and, if necessary, also during the re-winding phase.Arresting slide 15.1 is part of a linkage 15 pivotable about a fixedaxis 16, which linkage on one hand rests against the circumference of aradially effective control curve 1.2 of selector disc 1 via a traces pin15.2, and on the other hand is pivotally connected to the arrestingslide 15.1 at 15.3.

A gear coupling or clutch 17 serves for driving the worm 6 which isloosely journalled on shaft 7 and has a driving portion 17.1 which isslidably guided on shaft 7. This portion 17.1 has one end face thereofprovided with gear teeth which in coupled condition drivingly engage thegear teeth associated with an provided on the driven portion 17.2 of theclutch 17. The teeth of both coupling portions are pointed that in casethe drive portion 17.2 becomes blocked the driving portion 17.1 of thecoupling which is held in coupled position by the force of a spring, canresiliently disengage.

Clutch 17 'is actuated by a control curve 1.3 associated with selectordisc 1, the circumference of said curve being engaged by a tracer lever19 which is pivotable about a stationary axis 18 and the lever arm 19.1of which at 19.2 cooperates with an adjusting slide 19.3 for displacingthe drive portion 17.1 of the clutch.

Worm 6 is engaged via a worm wheel 20.1 by a switching disc 20 which isrotatable about an axis 20.2, said disc 20 being provided with aswitching notch 20.3 into which a push rod 21.1 of a set of switches 21falls by spring force when switching disc 20 occupies its startingposition according to FIG. 1. v

The shutter or diaphragm adjusting slide 4 actuated by closing curve 5.1or opening curve 5.2 is, by means of a joint 4.2 formed thereonconnected to a transmitting member 4.3 which transmits the closing andopening movement of the slide 4 onto the adjusting member of anadjustable rotatable shutter effecting the relative movement of theshutter blades, or onto the adjusting member of a wiper diaphragm whichmay be brought into the picture beam of rays. It is also possible toconnect the transmission member 4.3 with the exit terminal of a slide orrotary resistor which is arranged in the circuit of an exposure controldevice comprising as control member a photoelectric transformer andwhich influences the same in the manner of a continuous fading-out orfading-in respectively.

The fade-over device of the camera operates as follows: For the normaloperation of the camera; for instance with a frequency of 18 picturesper second, the selector disc 1 occupies the position shown in FIG. 1 inwhich its control cam 1.4 closes a switch S 2 in the drive circuit ofthe camera. If the user of the camera presses the release of the camera,he closes the release switch S 1 resulting in the following flow ofcurrent according to FIG. 5: From the plus pole of source 22, via theclosed release switch S 1, contact I of the changeover switch S 6,closed switch S 2, winding of drive motor 9, contact 11 of switch S 6 tothe minus pole of source 22.

Consequently, motor 23 runs continuously in the starting position ofdisc 1 during actuation of the release of the camera and drives thefollower 13 for the winding spool via the gear train 9.1, 8, 7, 10, 11and 12.

If, for instance a scene is to be faded out which forms the conclusionof a train of scenes in sequence, the user of the camera actuates amanually operable member 1.5 which is rotatably journalled on the axis 2of selector disc 1, which member 1.5 freely rotatable by an angle ofapproximately with respect to the selector disc 1 is journalled on theshaft 2 penetrating an opening of the housing wall 24 of the camera. Themanually operable member 1.5 which is accessible from the outside and inthis instance in the form of a disc is rotated by 90 in clockwisedirection with respect to the selector disc 1 for purposes ofpreselecting the fading-out phase, until it is arrested in thepreselected position by a spring-loaded arresting mechanism associatedwith it and with the housing wall 24 of the camera. This arrestingmechanism comprises an arresting disc 24.1 fixedly connected withmanually operable control member 1.5 and provided with four arrestingrecesses offset with respect to each other by 90 each and with aspring-loaded arresting latch 24.2 which is pivotally journalled aboutan axis 24.3 at housing 24. A torsion spring, not shown in the drawing,and

wound about axis 24.3 holds latch 24.2 in engagement with thecircumference of arresting disc 24.1 so that the same in the normalposition shown and upon each further rotation of the manually operablemember 1.5 by 90 in clockwise direction, can fall into one of the fourrecesses of disc 24.1 whereby the control member 1.5 is simultaneouslyblocked against reverse rotation.

A spirally wound leaf spring 1.6 (H62) provided between member 1.5 andselector disc 1 as an elastic connecting member and tensioned duringrotation of member 1.5 tends to turn the selector disc by the sameamount, i.e. into the fading-out position. Selector disc 1, however, isprevented from rotation by means of an arresting bar or bolt 25arresting disc 1 in the starting position, said bar 25 being pivotableabout a fixed axis 25.1 and engaging a recess 1.7 in the body of disc 1under the force of a spring. Bar 25 is drivingly connected with apressure pin 25.2 which penetrates the hollow axis 2 of the selectordisc, and projects from the camera housing concentrically with respectto the manually operable member 1.5.

At the beginning of filming a scene to be faded-out the user of thecamera actuates the release of the camera whereupon in view of theclosing of release switch S 1 the film strip driven by a film switchmechanism not shown is first exposed with the proper exposure value forinstance by means of a diaphragm control device built into the camera.As soon as the user of the camera wants to initiate the fading-outprocess, he presses the pressure pin 25.2 which lifts the latching bar25 from recess 1.7 so that the selector disc 1 is snapped into thefading-out position by the tensioned leaf spring 1.6. In this position,as well as in other operating positions, the selector disc 1 is arrestedby the arresting mechanism 24.1, 24.2.

In the fading-out position the selector disc 1 occupies a position whichis offset with respect to the starting position by 90 in clockwisedirection. In this position the switch S 3 is closed by the cam 1.4associated with disc 1. For purposes of maintaining the drive currentcircuit during the movement of the cam 1.4 of disc 1 into the fading-outposition a switch S 2 is provided with a release delay of approximatelythree seconds. During this time period the cam 1.4 of the disc 1 whichhas been snapped into the fading-out position by the leaf spring 1.6,surely has closed the switch S 3. With the closing of this switch theflow of the current is as follows: From the plus pole of current source22, via closed release switch S 1, contact I of the change-over switch S6, closed switch S 3, closed switch S 7, winding of the drive motor 9,contact ll of switch S 6, to the minus pole of the current source 22.

With the rotation of selector disc 1 into the fadingout position,linkage is pivoted into its arresting position by control curve 1.2, inwhich position the arresting'slide 15.1 engages the arresting wheel 14to thereby arrest follower 13 driving the winding spool and prevent thesame from rotating. Consequently, the film strip driven by the filmswitching mechanism (not shown), during the fading-out phase in which itis not being wound up, is transported into the free space of the filmchamber of the camera or into the free chamber of the film pack if suchis being used. The length of the film section to be faded over is to beselected in such a way that the same becomes threaded into the freespace of the film chamber or film pack surrounding the winding spool,without damaging the film' section.

Within the range marked fading-out, the axially effective groove 1.1 atthe circumference or selector disc 1 has tilted the diaphragm adjustingmember 4 about axis 4.2, according to FIG. 2, in the direction of thearrow out" while the tracer pin 4.1 comes into the range of the motordriven closing curve 5.1. The drive of the curve 5.1 during thefading-out phase is effected by motor 9, and more specifically via gearclutch 17 which has been brought into engaging position by the curve 1.3of the selector disc 1 resting in the fading-out position, through theintervention of the clutch linkage The diaphragm adjusting member 4taken along by the closing curve 5.1 in the direction of the arrow out",via the transmitting member 4.3 actuates the ad- 20 justing member of anadjustable rotational shutter, of a wiper diaphragm, or of an adjustableresistor in the exposure meter circuit of the camera in the sense of acontinuous fading-out of the exposure beam of rays. The switching disc20 which is likewise set in rotation by drive motor 9 in view of theengaged clutch 17, upon starting presses the spring-loaded pusher rod21.1 out of notch 20.3 whereby the same comes to rest against thecircumference of disc 20. In this way switches S 10 to S 13 of the setof switches 21 are closed. The drive current circuit is thus maintainedduring the fading-out phase by switch S 10 upon opening of switch S 7 inview of the longitudinal movement of the diaphragm adjusting member 4into the fading-out position (direction of arrow out). The flow of thecurrent is: From the plus pole of current source 22, via the closedrelease switch S 1, contact I of change-over switch S 6, closed switch S3, closed switch S 10, motor winding 9, contact II of switches S 6, tothe minus pole of source 22.

Upon start of the movement of disc 20 the user of the camera can releasethe release S 1 of the camera, since the drive current circuit ismaintained by means of the switch S 13 closed by disc 20. The flow ofthe current not is: From the plus pole of current source 22, via closedswitch 13, contact I of change-over switch S 6, closed switch S 3,closed switch S 10, motor winding 9,

. contact ll of switch S 6, to the minus pole of source 22.

The fading-out phase is finished upon completion of one revolution ofclosing curve 5.1 and of switching disc 20. That portion of the closingcurve 5.1 (FIG. 3) which projects radially the most has brought thetracer pin 4.1 into the position illustrated in dash lines whereby thediaphragm adjusting member 4 has reached its closing position, member 4sliding by means of the guiding slot 4.4 on the shaft 5.3 of controldisc 5 connecting the two curves 5.1 and 5.2. In this position via disc20 having again reached its starting position the drive current circuitis opened and thereby the drive of the camera isstopped. This isaccomplished by opening of switch 10 in view of the engagement of notch20.3 of disc 20 by the push rod 21.1 of switch set 21.

If the faded-out film section is to be spooled back for fading-overpurposes, the selector disc 1 is rotated further by in clockwisedirection by means of the manually operable actuating member 1.5. Sincethe bar 25 is effective only in the starting position of the selectordisc 1, the latter is taken along without time delay by the leaf spring1.6 upon rotation of member 1.5.

In thereverse or back spooling or winding position, the follower 13 forthe winding spool remains arrested against further rotation in view ofthe arresting slide 15.1 engaging the arresting wheel 14.Simultaneously, an arresting lever 26 which is tiltable about a fixedaxis 26.1 is released by the curve 1.3 of selector disc 1, said lever26-following the curve-tilting upwardly under the influence of a springthus causing the latch 26.2

connected to lever 26 at 26.3 and guided in a straight path, to catchbehind the nose portion 4.5 of the diaphragm adjusting member 4 and toarrest the same in the fading-out position. The diaphragm adjustingmember 4 itself has been tilted back into the idling position by meansof the curve groove 1.1 of selector disc 1 (range Rewinding"), in whichposition the tracer pin 4.1 does not touch the curves 5.1 and 5.2 of thecontrol disc 5. The gear clutch 17 remains closed for driving switchingdisc 20.

During rotation of the selector disc 1 from the fading-out position intothe rewinding position switch S 4 is brought into its closing positionby the cam 1.4 while passing by. An arresting cam 27.8 associated withthis switch S 4 catches behind a spring-loaded arresting latch 27.7cooperating with the cam, which latch arrests switch S 4 in its closingposition. When the selector disc has reached its position rewinding itscontrol cam 1.4 places the change-over switch S 6 into a positionreversing the poles of the motor leads to motor 9.

The diaphragm adjusting member 4 in its closing position closes by meansof a control finger 4.6 pertaining thereto, the switches S 8 and S 9 andmore specifically after finger 4.6 has released switch S 7 which thenoccupies its open position.

Switch S 8 which is located in the rewinding circuit is actuated by thecontrol finger 4.6 of the diaphragm adjusting member 4, performs asafety function since it permits closing of the rewinding circuit onlyif prior thereto the diaphragm adjusting member 4 has been transferredto its closing position by means of the drive motor 9 of the camera,i.e. by means of the closing curve 5.1 while simultaneously winding thefilm section to be faded out into the film chamber or pack.

For purposes of initiating the rewinding process the user of the camerapresses the release of the camera and thereby closes the release switchS 1. The flow of current is as follows: From the plus pole of the source22, via the closed release switch S 1, contact I of the change-overswitch S 6 in its right-hand control position, motor winding 9, closedswitch S 4, closed switch S 8, contact ll of the change-over switch inits righthand control position, to the minus pole of the source 22.

Motor 9, in view of the reversal of the poles by means of thechange-over switch S 6, starts running in opposite direction and therebymoves the film advancing or feeding mechanism in reverse transportingdirection so that the faded-out film section is transported back andwinds onto the supply spool, which generally is not driven. The reversemovement or back transport of this film section is made possible whenusing a winding spool arrested against reverse rotation, by arrestingthe follower 13 associated therewith during the fading-out phase so thatthe film section passed into the free film chamber or pack can beremoved for the reverse transport at any time.

Disc 20 likewise driven in opposite direction presses the push rod 21.1out of notch 20.3 to thereby transfer the set of switches 21 into itsclosing position. ln this way -as during the fading-out process therelease switch S 1 is'bridged by switch S 13 which maintains therewinding circuit until completion of the rewinding process, i.e. untilpush rod 21.1 falls into the notch 20.3

Upon start of the control disc 5 likewise driven in opposite directionby means of motor 9, the arresting of switch S 4 which had been broughtinto closing position by control cam 1.4, will be lifted by means of alinkage 27 tracing its control curve 5.6. Linkage 27 consists of adouble-arm lever which is tiltable about a fixed joint 28. One arm 27.1of said double-arm lever rests against and traces the control curve 5.6under the influence of a spring, while the other arm 27.2 is pivotallyconnected at 27.3 with a control rod 27.4 which engages at 27.5 a secondlever 27.6 which is pivotable about a fixed joint 29 to thereby lift thearresting latch 27.7 from engagement with the arresting cam 27 .8 ofswitch S 4 as soon as the tracer arm 27.1 is lifted by the protrudingnose of the control curve 5.6. In this way switch S 4 reaches its openposition immediately upon start of the rewinding process.

This is necessary in order to prevent the user of the camera fromcontinuing the rewinding at will by actuating the release S 1. For inview of the opening of switch S 4 the rewinding circuit is opened at anyrate even with closed release S 1 upon completion of one revolution ofdisc 20, by means of the switch S 12 of the set of switches 21, which isarranged parallel to switch S 4. This guarantees that upon rewinding ofthe entire exposed film section pre-spooled for the fading-over phase,the motor drive of the camera is automatically switched off so that forthe fading-in of a new film scene after rewinding, the entire filmsection exposed with the faded-out film scene is available.

In addition to the above, the automatic switching off of the cameradrive after the pre-winding and the subsequent rewinding of exactly thesame length of film, makes possible the universal use of the fading-overdevice for cameras with winding hubs that can be rotated in bothdirections as well as cameras with winding hubs that are blocked againstreverse rotation. For only by exactly limiting the length of the filmsection to be faded-over can it be guaranteed with cameras of thelast-mentioned type that automatically only the same length of film istransported back that during the previous motor-driven fading-out phasehas been pushed into the winding space of the film chamber or film pack,but has not been wound up.

If a film scene is to be started by continuous fadingin, for which asexplained above the rewound film section exposed with the faded-out filmscene can be used, the selector disc 1 is rotated by in clockwisedirection into the fading-in position in which its control cam 1.4closes the double-pole switch S 5. Simultaneously, switch S 6 whichreverses the poles of the current leading to motor 9, reverts to itsposition assuring forward movement of motor 9.

Curve 1.3 releases the arresting member 26 of diaphragm adjusting member4 in the closing position,

effective during the reverse movement of the film, and curve 1.2 ofselector disc 1 removes the latching members 14, 15.1 of the follower 13for the film winding spool. Groove 1.1 in the fading-in position of theselector disc 1- acting upon the right-hand end of the diaphragmadjusting member 4'- has tilted the latter according to FIG. 2 into thedirection of the arrow IN (range Fading-in") and has thereby brought thetracer pin 4.1 into engagement with the opening curve 5.2 against whosecircumference it rest under spring force.

If prior to fading-in no motor-driven closing movement of the diaphragmadjusting member 4 has taken place, the latter will be moved intothe'closing position by means of a closing curve 1.8 associated with theselector disc 1, as soon as the selector disc occupies its fading-inposition. The closing curve 1.8 forms a portion of the axially effectivegroove 1.1 of selector disc 1 (FIG. 4), which portion rises radiallybetween the positions rewinding" and fading-in.

The switch S 9 closed by the tracer finger 4.6 guarantees the start ofthe fading-in only when the diaphragm adjusting member is in closingposition. For purposes of filming the scene beginning with the fading-inportion, the user of the camera presses the release of the camerathereby closing the release switch S 1. The flow of current is asfollows: From the plus pole of the current source 22, via closed releaseswitch S 1, contact I of the change-over switch S 6, contact I of theclosed switch S 5, closed switch S 9, motor winding 9, contact II of thechange-over switch S 6, to the minus pole of source 22.

Upon start of motor 9 the set of switches 21 is transferred to itsclosing position by switching disc 20. In this way the fading-in circuitis maintained by switch S 11 upon opening of switch S 9 by diaphragmadjusting member 4 moving in opening direction, i.e. in the direction ofthe arrow IN. Release switch S l is bridged by the closed switch S 13 asin the previous fading-over phases.

The fading-in process is completed after one complete revolution ofcontrol disc the opening curve 5.2 of which permits the tracer pin 4.1to move from the dashline position to the position indicated in fulllines, thus transferring the diaphragm adjusting member 4 into the openposition. Simultaneously, disc has likewise made one complete revolutionwhile its control notch 20.3 has moved the set of switches 21 into theopen position so that by opening switch S 11 the fading-in circuit isopened at any rate, even when pressure on the release button iscontinued.

By the automatic opening of the fading-in circuit upon transfer of thediaphragm adjusting member 4 into the open position the user of thecamera is notified about the end of the fading-in phase or about the endof the fading-over of two film scenes, in case previously a fading-outof the preceding scene and the rewinding of the faded-out film sectionhas taken place. For further exposure of the faded-in film scene theuser of the camera has to turn the selector disc 1 further by 90 intothe starting position, thus closing switch S 2. In this startingposition of the selector disc the fading-over device is ineffective. Forthe automatic drive of control disc 5 and of switching disc 20 isinterrupted since clutch 17 has been disengaged by the clutch linkage 19actuated by curve 1.3 of the selector disc 1. Simultaneously, the curvegroove 1.1 of the selector disc has brought the diaphragm adjustingmember 4 into its central, idling position, in which it is held in theineffective open position by spring force (not shown). In this positionof the selector disc during actuation of the release the film strip isadvanced without interruption since the drive motor 9 of the camera is'supplied with current solely by closing of the release switch S l. I

The necessity of switching the selector disc 1 into the startingposition for further exposure of the film section following the faded-infilm section, with the correct exposure value requires placing thecamera on a tripod for the sliding transition of the faded-in film sceneinto the exposed film scene with the correct exposure value. Suchtransition is, in view of the short-term interruption of the film scenebecause of the switching of the selector disc only possible when filmingnon-moving objects.

In order to make possible the exposure of film scenes started with thefading-in scene with the proper exposure value under all circumstances,i.e. when filming fre-hand, the circuit of the drive motor 9 hasassociated therewith a relay R 14 by means of which the drive circuit iskept closed even upon completion of the fadingin process, and morespecifically as long as the release of the camera is pressed. Relay R 14at the same time renders the switch S 1 l actuated by the control disc20 ineffective so that the same may be omitted.

At the beginning of the fading-in phase the release switch S l is closedby pressing the release of the camera. The flow of current is asfollows: From the plus pole of current source 22, via closed switch S I,contact I of the change-over switch S 6, contact I of the closed switchS 5, closed switch S 9, then on one hand via motor winding 9, contact IIof change-over switch S 6, to the minus pole of source 22, and on theother hand via relay winding R 14, contact II of the closed switch S 5,to the minus pole of source 22.

The motor starts running while the switching disc 20 transfers the setof switches 21 into the closing position during the course of thefading-in process. Consequently, switch S 13 bridges release switch S 1until completion of the fading-in process, thus guaranteeing thecomplete course of the last fading-over phase in case the user of thecamera should accidentally free the release of the camera.Simultaneously, the relay circuit is maintained by the relay controlledswitch S 14.

The flow of current is as follows: From the plus pole of current source22, via closed release switch S 1 or closed switch S 13, contact I ofchange-over switch S 6, contact I of closed switch S 5, closed relayswitch S 14, then on one hand via motor winding 9 and contact II ofchange-over switch S 6, to the minus pole of source 22, and on the otherhand via relay winding R 14, and contact II of closed switch S 5, to theminus pole of source 22.

When the fading-out phase is completed, with pressed release of thecamera, the drive circuit with the above-mentioned flow is maintaineduntil the release of the camera is freed whereupon by opening releaseswitch S 1, the motor circuit as well as the relay circuit isinterrupted. Relay l4 placed in the circuit of the motor thus makes itpossible to extend the film scene started with the fading-in phase aslong as is desired.

Also with this design of the camera, which makes it possible to furtherexpose the faded-in film scene without interruption, the user of thecamera is notified of the end of the fading-in phase. This is effectedby clutch l7 drivingly connecting the electric camera drive 9 with discsand 20. Clutch 17 is held in the engaged position by the selector disc 1which remains even after the fading-in phase in the fading-in position.Driven portion 17.2 of clutch 17, however, upon completion of thefading-in phase is blocked by control disc 5. The latter is preventedfrom further rotation by abutment of the tracer pin 4.1 of adjustingmember 4 at the radially extending abutment surface 5.7 of opening curve5.2. Since the drive portion 17.1 of the engaged clutch 17 uponactuation of the release of the camera, even upon completion of thefading-in phase, is driven by motor 9, the pointed teeth of clutchportion 17.1 which axially elastically escape during rotation, slide inthe manner of a ratchet on the similarly formed teeth of the drivenportion 17.2 of clutch 17, which portion 17.2 is blocked by control disc5 after the fading-in. Because of the relative sliding movement of theteeth of the clutch on each other the completion of the fadingin phaseis acoustically made known to the user of the camera.

For purposes of filming subsequent scenes with the correct exposure,also in this instance the selector disc 1 is to be rotated by 90 intothe shown starting position thus switching on and off the drive circuitof motor 9 merely by the release switch S 1.

The special advantage of the fade-over device according to the presentinvention consists in the free selection of the respective desiredfading-over phase by a corresponding setting of the selector disc 1 forfadingout a film scene, for the reverse movement of the faded-out filmsection, or the fading-in of a film section not yet exposed or alreadyexposed by the preceding faded-out film scene, while guaranteeing thefunctionally proper beginning as well as the functionally proper courseof the selected fade-over phase.

It is within the framework of this invention to associate this fadingover device which permits the selection of a desired fading-over phaseby means of a selector disc, with a film camera the winding spool ofwhich is not blocked against reverse movement. The fadingover device canbe adapted for such camera at any time by omitting the arresting drive1.2, and 14 for the follower 13 engaging the hub of the film windingspool.

From the above, it is apparent that although the invention has beendescribed hereinbefore with respect to a specific embodiment thereof, itis evident that many modifications and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, by the appendedclaims, we intend to cover all such modifications and changes as fallwithin the true spirit and scope of this invention.

I claim:

1. A motion picture camera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a devicefor measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out film sectionand a subsequent fading-over film section, and motor means for drivingsaid camera, which comprises a fade-over device having selector discmeans adapted to be moved into a plurality of pre-selected positions forrespectively preparing a plurality of fade-over phases, said fadeoverdevice, depending on the position of said selector disc means beingadapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanicalfunctions neces sary for the respective pre-selected fade-over phase,

said selector disc means including a selector disc provided with aplurality of control curves respectively for initiating the motor-drivenfading-out and fading-in phase in the proper phase, for arresting saidwinding spool in the proper phase, and for fixing the closing portion ofthe diaphragm effective during rewinding of the film in said camera,said selector disc also comprising at least one control cam forswitching over said motor means to the proper position for therespective fade-over phase;

control disc means and switching disc means for effecting thephase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-in phase, for versingthe movement of the film with said diaphragm closed, clutch meansdrivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation by saidselector disc means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting thefading-in and fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected tosaid control and switching disc means, electric drive circuit meansconnected to said motor means and said control and lswitching meansbeing adapted to maintain said circuit means closed upon closing at thebeginning of a preselected fade-over phase during the entire course ofthe respective phase; said control disc means including a pair of discsmounted fact to face opposite each other on a common axis said discsbeing provided with axially protruding, radially effective controlcurves on said opposing faces, one representing an opening the other aclosing curve, said diaphragm adjusting member including a tracer pinfor selective engagement with one and the other control curve;

said diaphragm adjusting member being displaceably guided between saiddiscs, said selector disc means having its circumference provided with acurved groove for moving said adjusting member from an idling positionbetween said control discs transverse to its direction of displacementinto engagement with either of said closing and opening curves,depending on the fade-over phase preselected by actuation of saidselector disc means.

2. A motion picture camera according to claim 1, wherein said selectordisc means is adapted to be rotated to fading-in, fading-out, andrewinding positions, latch means controlled by one of said plurality ofcontrol curves of said selector disc means and adapted to maintain saiddiaphragm adjusting member in closed position when said selector discmeans occupies said rewinding position, said selector disc means havingassociated therewith a radially effective control curve adapted toautomatically transfer said diaphragm adjusting member into its closingposition upon rotation of said selector disc means from said rewindingposition to said fading-in position.

3. A motion picture camera according to claim 2, wherein said radiallyeffective control curve is integrally connected to said curved groove.

4. A motion picture camera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a devicefor measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out film sectionand a subsequent fadingeover film section, and motor means for drivingsaid camera, which comprises a fade-over device having selector discmeans adapted to be moved into a plurality of preselected positions forrespectively preparing a plurality of fade-over phases, said fadeoverdevice, depending on the position of said selector disc means beingadapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanicalfunctions necessary for the respective preselected fade-over phase,

said selector disc means including a selector disc provided with aplurality of control curves respectively for initiating the motor-drivenfading-out and fading-in phase in the proper phase, for arresting saidwinding spool in the proper phase, and for fixing the closing portion ofthe diaphragm effective during rewinding of the film in said camera,said selector disc also comprising at least one control cam forswitching over said motor means to the proper position for therespective fadeover phase;

control disc means and switching disc means for effecting thephase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-in phase, for versingthe movement of the film with said diaphragm closed, clutch meansdrivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation by saidselector means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting the fading-inand fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected to said controland switching disc means, electric drive circuit means connected to saidmotor means and said control and switching disc means, said control andswitching means being adapted to maintain said circuit means closed uponclosing at the beginning of a preselected fade-over phase during theentire course of the respective phase;

a control finger associated with said diaphragm adjusting member and aplurality of switches provided in said electric drive circuit means,said control finger being adapted'to actuate the respective switch onlyif the position of said diaphragm adjusting member is proper forinitiating the respective fade-out, rewinding, or fading-in phase.

5. A motion picture camera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a devicefor measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out film sectionand a subsequent fading-over film section, and motor means for drivingsaid camera, which comprises a fade-over device having selector discmeans adapted to be moved into a plurality of pre-selected positions forrespectively preparing a plurality of fade-over phases, said fadeoverdevice, depending on the position of said selector disc means beingadapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanicalfunctions necessary for the respective pre-selected fade-over phase.

said selector disc means including a selector disc provided with aplurality of control curves respectively for initiating the motor-drivenfading-out and fading-in phase in the proper phase, for arresting saidwinding spool in the proper phase, and for fixing the closing portion ofthe diaphragm effective during rewinding of the film in said camera,said selector disc also comprising at least one control cam forswitching over said motor means to the proper position for therespective fade-over phase;

control disc means and switching disc means for effecting thephase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-in phase, for versingthe movement of the film with said diaphragm closed, clutch meansdrivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation by saidselector disc means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting thefading-in and fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected tosaid control and switching disc means, electric drive circuit meansconnected to said motor means and said control and switching disc means,said control and switching means being adapted to maintain said circuitmeans closed upon closing at the beginning of a pre-selected fade-overphase during the entire course of the respective phase;

said switching disc means being arranged for synchronous rotation withsaid control disc means and having a circumferential switching notch, aset of switches having extension means extending into the path of saidswitch disc means and being adapted to be closed thereby when saidextension means are received in said notch during each revolution, theswitches of said set of switches maintaining said circuit means closeduntil completion of the respective fade-over phase preselected byactuation of said selector disc means.

6. A motion picture camera having a diaphragm, a winding spool, a devicefor measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out film sectionand a subsequent fading-over film section, and motor means for drivingsaid camera, which comprises a fade-over device having selector discmeans adapted to be moved into a plurality of pre-selected positions forrespectively preparing a plurality of fade-over phases, said fadeoverdevice, depending on the position of said selector disc means beingadapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanicalfunctions necessary for the respective pre-selected fade-over phase;

said selector disc means being rotatable from a starting position to anyone of three further positions defining respectively, fading-in,rewinding and fading-out phases, said positions correspondingrespectively to normal film transport, fading-in, rewinding and fadingout portions of said selector disc means, said selector disc meansfurther being rotatable to and from each position to another, the normalfilm transport of said camera in said starting position being free frominterference with said fade-over device, said selector disc means whenbeing rotated in the same direction through a plurality of said portionsconsecutively preparing said fade-over phases for the complete fade-overof two film scenes.

7. A motion picture camera according to claim 6, which includes manuallyoperable means rotatable to a limited extent about the axis of rotationof said selector disc means, resilient means interconnecting saidmanually operable means and said selector disc means, said manuallyoperable means being movable into a position corresponding to thefade-out position while tensioning said resilient means, latch means forholding said selector disc means in said starting position, during theadvance of a film section starting position, during the advance of afilm section through said camera said selector disc means upon releaseof said latch means being abruptly moved into said fading-out positionby said tensioned resilient means.

8. A motion picture camera having a diaphragm, a winding spool, 'adevice for measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out filmsection and a subsequent fading-over film section, and motor means fordriving said camera, which comprises a fade-over device having selectordisc means adapted to be moved into a plurality of pre-selectedpositions for respectively preparing a plurality of fade-over phases,said fadeover device, depending on the position of said selector discmeans being adapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electricand mechanical functions necessary for the respective pre-selectedfade-over phase,

said selector disc means including a selector disc provided with aplurality of control curves respectively for initiating the motor-drivenfading-out and fading-in phase in the proper phase, for arresting saidwinding spool in the proper phase, and for fixing the closing portion ofthe diaphragm effective during rewinding of the film in said camera,said selector disc also comprising at least one control cam forswitching over said motor means to the proper position for therespective fade-over phase; a control disc means and switching discmeans for effecting the phase-proper course of the fading-out andfading-in phase, for versing the movement of the film with saiddiaphragm closed, clutch means drivingly connectable to said motor meansupon actuation by said selector disc means; a diaphragm adjusting memberfor effecting the fading-in and fading-out phase and adapted to bemovably connected to said control and switching disc means, electricdrive circuit means connected to said motor means and said control andswitching disc means, said control and switching means being adapted tomaintain said circuit means closed upon closing at the beginning of apre-selected fade-over phase during the entire course of the respectivephase;

relay means associated with said fade-over device and arranged in saidcircuit for said motor drive means, and a release associated with saidcircuit, said relay being adapted to keep said circuit closed uponcompletion of the fade-in phase while said release has been freed,thereby performing transition from said fade-in phase to the normal filmscene.

9. A motion picture camera according to claim 8, wherein said clutchmeans hasa driving portion drivingly connected to said motor means and adriven portion, each provided with gear teeth for meshing engagement ofsaid two portions, said driving portion being mounted for resilientyielding movement in axial direction, said control disc means beingadapted to block rotation of said driven portion upon completion of thefade-in phase, and means for keeping said motor means drive circuitmeans closed upon completion of said fade-in phase, whereby relativeratchet-like movement of said driving and driven portions acousticallyindicates completion of said fade-in phase.

1. A motion picture camera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a devicefor measuring off the same length of film for a fading-out film sectionand a subsequent fading-over film section, and motor means for drivingsaid camera, which comprises a fade-over device having selector discmeans adapted to be moved into a plurality of pre-selected positions forrespectively preparing a plurality of fade-over phases, said fade-overdevice, depending on the position of said selector disc means beingadapted to initiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanicalfunctions necessary for the respective pre-selected fade-over phase,said selector disc means including a selector disc provided with aplurality of control curves respectively for initiating the motor-drivenfading-out and fading-in phase in the proper phase, for arresting saidwinding spool in the proper phase, and for fixing the closing portion ofthe diaphragm effective during rewinding of the film in said camera,said selector disc also comprising at least one control cam forswitching over said motor means to the proper position for therespective fade-over phase; control disc means and switching disc meansfor effecting the phase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-inphase, for versing the movement of the film with said diaphragm closed,clutch means drivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation bysaid selector disc means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting thefading-in and fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected tosaid control and switching disc means, electric drive circuit meansconnected to said motor means and said control and 1switching meansbeing adapted to maintain said circuit means closed upon closing at thebeginning of a preselected fade-over phase duRing the entire course ofthe respective phase; said control disc means including a pair of discsmounted fact to face opposite each other on a common axis said discsbeing provided with axially protruding, radially effective controlcurves on said opposing faces, one representing an opening the other aclosing curve, said diaphragm adjusting member including a tracer pinfor selective engagement with one and the other control curve; saiddiaphragm adjusting member being displaceably guided between said discs,said selector disc means having its circumference provided with a curvedgroove for moving said adjusting member from an idling position betweensaid control discs transverse to its direction of displacement intoengagement with either of said closing and opening curves, depending onthe fade-over phase preselected by actuation of said selector discmeans.
 2. A motion picture camera according to claim 1, wherein saidselector disc means is adapted to be rotated to fading-in, fading-out,and rewinding positions, latch means controlled by one of said pluralityof control curves of said selector disc means and adapted to maintainsaid diaphragm adjusting member in closed position when said selectordisc means occupies said rewinding position, said selector disc meanshaving associated therewith a radially effective control curve adaptedto automatically transfer said diaphragm adjusting member into itsclosing position upon rotation of said selector disc means from saidrewinding position to said fading-in position.
 3. A motion picturecamera according to claim 2, wherein said radially effective controlcurve is integrally connected to said curved groove.
 4. A motion picturecamera having diaphragm, a winding spool, a device for measuring off thesame length of film for a fading-out film section and a subsequentfading-over film section, and motor means for driving said camera, whichcomprises a fade-over device having selector disc means adapted to bemoved into a plurality of preselected positions for respectivelypreparing a plurality of fade-over phases, said fade-over device,depending on the position of said selector disc means being adapted toinitiate, carry out, and complete all electric and mechanical functionsnecessary for the respective preselected fade-over phase, said selectordisc means including a selector disc provided with a plurality ofcontrol curves respectively for initiating the motor-driven fading-outand fading-in phase in the proper phase, for arresting said windingspool in the proper phase, and for fixing the closing portion of thediaphragm effective during rewinding of the film in said camera, saidselector disc also comprising at least one control cam for switchingover said motor means to the proper position for the respectivefade-over phase; control disc means and switching disc means foreffecting the phase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-in phase,for versing the movement of the film with said diaphragm closed, clutchmeans drivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation by saidselector means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting the fading-inand fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected to said controland switching disc means, electric drive circuit means connected to saidmotor means and said control and switching disc means, said control andswitching means being adapted to maintain said circuit means closed uponclosing at the beginning of a preselected fade-over phase during theentire course of the respective phase; a control finger associated withsaid diaphragm adjusting member and a plurality of switches provided insaid electric drive circuit means, said control finger being adapted toactuate the respective switch only if the position of said diaphragmadjusting member is proper for initiating the respective fade-out,rewinding, or fading-in phase.
 5. A motion picture camera havingdiaphragm, a winding spool, a device for measuring off the same lengThof film for a fading-out film section and a subsequent fading-over filmsection, and motor means for driving said camera, which comprises afade-over device having selector disc means adapted to be moved into aplurality of pre-selected positions for respectively preparing aplurality of fade-over phases, said fade-over device, depending on theposition of said selector disc means being adapted to initiate, carryout, and complete all electric and mechanical functions necessary forthe respective pre-selected fade-over phase. said selector disc meansincluding a selector disc provided with a plurality of control curvesrespectively for initiating the motor-driven fading-out and fading-inphase in the proper phase, for arresting said winding spool in theproper phase, and for fixing the closing portion of the diaphragmeffective during rewinding of the film in said camera, said selectordisc also comprising at least one control cam for switching over saidmotor means to the proper position for the respective fade-over phase;control disc means and switching disc means for effecting thephase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-in phase, for versingthe movement of the film with said diaphragm closed, clutch meansdrivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation by saidselector disc means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting thefading-in and fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected tosaid control and switching disc means, electric drive circuit meansconnected to said motor means and said control and switching disc means,said control and switching means being adapted to maintain said circuitmeans closed upon closing at the beginning of a pre-selected fade-overphase during the entire course of the respective phase; said switchingdisc means being arranged for synchronous rotation with said controldisc means and having a circumferential switching notch, a set ofswitches having extension means extending into the path of said switchdisc means and being adapted to be closed thereby when said extensionmeans are received in said notch during each revolution, the switches ofsaid set of switches maintaining said circuit means closed untilcompletion of the respective fade-over phase pre-selected by actuationof said selector disc means.
 6. A motion picture camera having adiaphragm, a winding spool, a device for measuring off the same lengthof film for a fading-out film section and a subsequent fading-over filmsection, and motor means for driving said camera, which comprises afade-over device having selector disc means adapted to be moved into aplurality of pre-selected positions for respectively preparing aplurality of fade-over phases, said fade-over device, depending on theposition of said selector disc means being adapted to initiate, carryout, and complete all electric and mechanical functions necessary forthe respective pre-selected fade-over phase; said selector disc meansbeing rotatable from a starting position to any one of three furtherpositions defining respectively, fading-in, rewinding and fading-outphases, said positions corresponding respectively to normal filmtransport, fading-in, rewinding and fading out portions of said selectordisc means, said selector disc means further being rotatable to and fromeach position to another, the normal film transport of said camera insaid starting position being free from interference with said fade-overdevice, said selector disc means when being rotated in the samedirection through a plurality of said portions consecutively preparingsaid fade-over phases for the complete fade-over of two film scenes. 7.A motion picture camera according to claim 6, which includes manuallyoperable means rotatable to a limited extent about the axis of rotationof said selector disc means, resilient means interconnecting saidmanually operable means and said selector disc means, said manuallyoperable means being movable into a position corresponding to thefade-out posItion while tensioning said resilient means, latch means forholding said selector disc means in said starting position, during theadvance of a film section starting position, during the advance of afilm section through said camera said selector disc means upon releaseof said latch means being abruptly moved into said fading-out positionby said tensioned resilient means.
 8. A motion picture camera having adiaphragm, a winding spool, a device for measuring off the same lengthof film for a fading-out film section and a subsequent fading-over filmsection, and motor means for driving said camera, which comprises afade-over device having selector disc means adapted to be moved into aplurality of pre-selected positions for respectively preparing aplurality of fade-over phases, said fade-over device, depending on theposition of said selector disc means being adapted to initiate, carryout, and complete all electric and mechanical functions necessary forthe respective pre-selected fade-over phase, said selector disc meansincluding a selector disc provided with a plurality of control curvesrespectively for initiating the motor-driven fading-out and fading-inphase in the proper phase, for arresting said winding spool in theproper phase, and for fixing the closing portion of the diaphragmeffective during rewinding of the film in said camera, said selectordisc also comprising at least one control cam for switching over saidmotor means to the proper position for the respective fade-over phase; acontrol disc means and switching disc means for effecting thephase-proper course of the fading-out and fading-in phase, for versingthe movement of the film with said diaphragm closed, clutch meansdrivingly connectable to said motor means upon actuation by saidselector disc means; a diaphragm adjusting member for effecting thefading-in and fading-out phase and adapted to be movably connected tosaid control and switching disc means, electric drive circuit meansconnected to said motor means and said control and switching disc means,said control and switching means being adapted to maintain said circuitmeans closed upon closing at the beginning of a pre-selected fade-overphase during the entire course of the respective phase; relay meansassociated with said fade-over device and arranged in said circuit forsaid motor drive means, and a release associated with said circuit, saidrelay being adapted to keep said circuit closed upon completion of thefade-in phase while said release has been freed, thereby performingtransition from said fade-in phase to the normal film scene.
 9. A motionpicture camera according to claim 8, wherein said clutch means has adriving portion drivingly connected to said motor means and a drivenportion, each provided with gear teeth for meshing engagement of saidtwo portions, said driving portion being mounted for resilient yieldingmovement in axial direction, said control disc means being adapted toblock rotation of said driven portion upon completion of the fade-inphase, and means for keeping said motor means drive circuit means closedupon completion of said fade-in phase, whereby relative ratchet-likemovement of said driving and driven portions acoustically indicatescompletion of said fade-in phase.